Agustín de Iturbide Collection
Scope and Contents
Correspondence, printed material, official documents, and literary productions pertaining to Iturbide and Mexican political and military affairs from 1813 to 1838. Included are items concerning Antonio López de Santa Anna, Anastasio Bustamante and José Manuel de Herrera.
The Archives subgroup includes correspondence (bulk 1821) relating mostly to Iturbide's activities as Generalísimo Almirante (correspondents include political leaders such as Vicente Guerrero and Antonio Medina) and printed material, mostly proclamations issued by Iturbide's government but including leaflets from the opposition as well as periodicals and broadsides from 1838 announcing Iturbide's status as a “First Hero of Mexican Independence.”
The Manuscripts subgroup comprises official documents including treaties and acts of Iturbide's government and of successor governments that relate to Iturbide (filed as G390); a photostat of a concordat between Iturbide and the Church (G406); a manuscript of Iturbide's memoir written in Italy, bound with leaflets and pamphlets relating to Iturbide (G414); and contemporary copies of letters from Juan Gómez Navarrete, Vicente Filisola, and José Dávila, among others (G388).
The materials are in Spanish.
Dates
- Creation: 1813-1838
- Creation: Majority of material found within 1821-1824
Language of Materials
Spanish or Castilian
Access Restrictions
Unrestricted.
Use Restrictions
Standard copyright restrictions apply.
Biographical Note
First emperor of Mexico. Born 1783 in Valladolid (Morelia); executed July 19, 1824, in Padilla, Tamaulipas. Iturbide joined the army in 1800, by 1810 was fighting with the royalists, and by 1820 held the rank of colonel.
In February 1821 he and Vicente Guerrero signed the Plan de Iguala and created the Ejército Trigarante. In August 1821 Iturbide and viceroy Juan O'Donoju signed the Tratado de Córdoba, ending the war and giving Mexico independence. Iturbide was proclaimed emperor in May 1822 but by October was forced to dissolve the national Congress because of resistance from the opposition. In March 1823 he reinstated Congress, then abdicated and fled to Italy.
In April 1824 the Congress, having already declared his administration void, revoked his pension and declared Iturbide a traitor. When he returned to Mexico in July 1824 he was apprehended on arrival in Tamaulipas and executed the next day. In 1838 Anastasio Bustamante declared Iturbide one of the “First Heroes of Mexican Independence.”
- 1783
- born in Valladolid (Morelia) to José Joaquín de Iturbide (wealthy Spaniard) and Josefa de Arámburu (Michoacan)
- 1798
- became a field laborer
- 1800
- enlisted as second lieutenant in Valladolid provincial regiment
- 1805
- married Ana María de Huarte. Cantonment of Jalapa.
- 1809
- Iturbide had some connection with conspiracy in Michelena, Valladolid
- 1810
- offered rank of lieutenant general by Hidalgo, Iturbide refused. Participated in battle of Monte de las Cruces. Fought in battle of independence for royalist forces.
- 1816
- accused but absolved on count of illicit operations
- 1820
- Iturbide had become a colonel in the royalist army
- 1821 2/24
- signed Plan de Iguala with Vicente Guerrero, created Ejército Trigarante
- 8/24
- O'Donojú & Iturbide signed Tratado de Córdoba
- 9/27
- Iturbide led Ejército Trigarante to victory?
- 1822 5/18
- Iturbide proclaimed emporer
- 5/19
- Iturbide emperorship ratified by congress
- 5/21 or 5/23
- Iturbide crowned emperor
- 5/21 or 5/23
- Created Order of Guadalupe. Iturbide had much resistance from primarily republicans, some liberals.
- 10/31
- Iturbide dissolved congress
- 1823 1/24
- Santa Anna incited rebellion with Plan de Casa Mata
- 3/19
- Iturbide reinstated congress, abdicated
- 3/29
- Iturbide & family left residence in Tacubaya. Sailed to Europe from Veracruz.
- 1824 8
- Following arrival in Liorna, Italy, stayed at Villa Fournier.
- 1824 8
- Went to Florence and England.
- 1824 4/8-28
- Congress revoked pension, declared Iturbide a traitor
- 5/4
- Iturbide left London for Mexico
- 6/14
- arrived in Soto la Marina, Tamaulipas. Apprehended by Congress of Tamaulipas and sentenced to death.
- 6/19
- Iturbide executed by firing squad in Padilla, Tamaulipas
- 1833 11/3
- Santa Anna had Iturbide's remains brought to Mexico City & displayed/interred with the First heroes of Independence
- 1838
- Anastasio Bustemante got Congress to decree, retrospectively, Iturbide as a First Hero of Independence
Full Extent
6 inches
Abstract
Correspondence, official and other documents pertaining to Agustín Iturbide, first emperor of Mexico (1822-1823) and Mexican political and military affairs from 1813 to 1838.
Organization
Organized into two subgroups: I. Archives. II. Manuscripts.
Arrangement
Archives arranged chronologically; manuscripts arranged numerically.
Other Finding Aids
The following guide is available in the Benson Latin American Collection Rare Books Reference: Castañeda, Carlos Eduardo, 1896-1958. Guide to the Latin American Manuscripts in the University of Texas Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1939.
Acquisitions Information
The Agustín de Iturbide Collection collection forms part of the Genaro García Collection, which was purchased by the University of Texas in 1921 from the heirs of Genaro García.
Alternate Form Available
The collection is also available on microfilm.
Processing Information
The collection was described by the Benson's Mexican Archives Project in December 1994.
Finding aid initially prepared by the Mexican Archives Project, January 6, 1995.
- Title
- Agustín de Iturbide
- Status
- Edited Full Draft
- Subtitle
- An Inventory of His Collection at the Benson Latin American Collection
- Author
- Nettie Lee Benson Latin American Collection
- Date
- 1/6/1995
- Language of description
- English
- Script of description
- Latin
- Language of description note
- Finding aid written in English.
Revision Statements
- September 10, 2002: Edited with XMetaL3 by Bob Stewart according to instructions in Editing TARO EAD XML Finding Aids with XMetaL.
- Tue Jul 22 14:57:57 CDT 2003: urn:taro:utexas.blac.00028 converted from EAD 1.0 to 2002 by v1to02.xsl (20030505).
- 2020 April: Date normalization by Julia Davila Coppedge.
- April 2021: Edited by Rachel E. Winston to fix compliance check errors to prepare for the migration to new TARO website.
- 2021 November: Edited by Devon Murphy to update control access terms and formatting based on the TARO Control Access List.
- 2025 July: Revised by Ryan Sullivant to fix validation errors prior to ingestion into ArchivesSpace.
Repository Details
Part of the Benson Latin American Collection, The University of Texas at Austin Repository
2300 Red River Street
Austin Texas 78712 United States
(512) 495-4578
bensonspecialcollections@austin.utexas.edu